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S.- M. HUNTER. HYDRAULIG GOVERNOR.

Patented Dec. 18, 1866.-

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IMPROVEMENT IN HYDRAULIC GOVERNORS.

S. M. HUNTER, OF TERRYVILLE, CONNECTICUT Letters Patent No. 60,632, dated December 18, 1866.

TO ALL WHOM ITMAY CONCERN:

Be it known that I, S. M. HUNTER, of Terryvi-lle, in the county of Litchfield, in the State of Connecticut, have invented a new and improved Hydraulic Governor; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description thereof.

This invention consists in controlling the gate of a -water-wheel, or the cut-off valve of a steam engine, and regulating the quantity of water or steam used by the action of an engine operated by water or any other nonelastic fluid, which engine shall be controlled by a common centrifugal governor, thereby causing an even and uniform speed in the machinery propelled.

' To enable others skilled in the art to make and use my invention, I will proceed to describe its constructionand operation,,referencebeing had to the accompanyingdrawings, forming a part of this specification, and to the letters of reference marked thereon, in wh ich- Figure 1, sheet 1, represents a, side elevation; and

Figure 2, a plan or top view of the valve.

Figure 3 is a section of the valve through the line 3 y of fig. 2.

Figure 4 is a section of the valve through the line a: m; and

Figure 5 is a section of the same through the line z z.

. Figure 1, sheet 2, represents a plan or top view of the upper portion of the machinery, the-working engine,

governor, and safety-valve, &c. g 4

Figure 2, of same sheet, represents the gearing which drives the force-pump and governor, being a horizontal section through the line i; v of fig 1, sheet 1.

Figure 3 shows the water-wheel casing B, containing the water-wheel and the throat B containing the waterwheel gate, also the-force-pump E, being a section through the line 10 w of fig. 1-, sheet 1.

Similar letters indicate like parts in the drawing.

The machinery by which I accomplish the object which I hate in view is supported by an upright frame, represented in the drawing by the letters A and A and aand a. The water-wheel is placed upon the bed or foundation portion of the frame, and the water-wheel shaft C and the gate-shaft D a're seen rising from this floor. B is the casing around the water-wheel, and B the throat to the wheel in which the gate is placed. The force-pump E is also on this floor, and is driven by a bevel-gear a near the top of the water-wheel shaft, by the belt b, as seen on the platform above. The centrifugal governor F is also driven from this platform by the belt f. There is a horizontal shaft supported on this floor a, having a bevel-gear upon it, (1., which meshes into the gear-wheel on the waterwheel shaft. This horizontal shaft has pulleys upon it for the belts which drive the pump and the governor. On the upper platform or floor a is seen the water engine G with its valve-chest H, the governor F, and the safety-valve I.' J represents the bulkhead'or water reservoir from which the water-wheel is driven, resting on the foundation A. The gate is upon the bottom of the shai't D, throughnhich the water-wheel is supplied,

opening or closing the aperture, and controlling the volume of water. This shaft D extends up through the floor a and through and above a, having a pinion c on its top or upper end. The water engine rests upon this upper platform; the cylinder has a piston and piston-rod like a steam engine, and ports ateach end. Upon the end of the piston-rod there is a, rack, 01, which meshes into the pinion 0' upon the gate-shaft. The piston in the cylinder moves back and forth according to the pressure upon it. The pressure of water or other fluid is obtained by working the force-puuip E, the pressure being communicated to the engine through the pipe L. The pressure is regulated by the safety-valve I, which is in connection with the pressure-pipe L. When the pressure in the pipe L gets above a certain amount the valve rises and lets off water and diminishes the pressure. E is an air-chamber, placed in connection with the pipe L for the purpose of keeping up a uniform pressure in the pipe by atmospheric elasticity. The valve-chest H is cast on or attached to the engine cylinder. It is of the same length, with twoports at each end, one on the top and'oneon the bottom opposite each other. and with passages connecting them with the ports of the engine cylinder. This valve-chest is a cylinder, being bored out, and containing a cylindrical valvewhich oscillates in it. The water is admitted from the pipe L through the side of the chest at the middle, and is discharged from it at the end into the pipe m. The oscillating valve T, a view of which is seen at fig. 2, with sectional views 3,- 4, and 5, is of peculiar construction. It is not of the same diameter its whole length, it being smaller in the middleportion, leaving a.- recess or chamber in the valvechest, as seen at k, .where the water is received from the pressure-pipe L.- It is hollow near itswhole length, as seen in -the'sections,the water being discharged from one end of it. At the other end a valve-rod, *1, is attached with a short crank 12 on the end of the rod. Near each end of the valve-are two apertures, 0, one on each side, corresponding with the ports in the valve-chest and communicating with the interior or hollow portion of the valve. These apertures are eduction or discharge openings.- There arealso two recesses at each end of the valve R at oneend and S at the other end, directly opposite each other, and'in free communication with the water-chamber band the pressure-pipe L. The recesses form induction openings. Place the valveas represented in fig. 2, with the space 2' covering the ports of the valve -chest both above and below, the valve may be said to be on its centre. I A movement to the right-would bring-the recesses S in communication with the ports of the'valve-chest, which were covered bye, and, being in direct communication with the pressure-pipe, would open the communication with the one end of the cylinder of the engine and increase the pressure upon one side of the piston; while the same movement of thevalve would bring the aperture o-at the other end of the valve in communication with the other end ofthe engine cylinder, and they, being in communication with the hollow or exhaust portion of the valve, would allow water to be discharged, and the pressure would be diminished in. that end of the cylinder and on the other side of the piston; and, of course, the piston would move accord ngly. A movement of the valve the other way (or to the left) would ofcourse produce a like eflect upon the. piston,

' only moving it the other way. A movement of the piston in the cylinder of course moves the rack 01 on theend of the rod; and this movement operates upon the water-wheelgatethrough the pinion .on the top of its shaft, opening or closing the gate as the-movement of the pistonis moreor less. The crank p, on the end of the oscillating valve, has a slot-hole through it to allow the wrist g to be moved either towards or from the rod, to alter the throw of the valve, if desired. This crank'stands horizontally ata right angle with the rod, and the wristpin allows'it to be connected with "the lever-bar 1- of the governor. The short end of this bar is connected to the sliding-thimble of the governor-uhaftby a forked connection, the fulcrumof the lever-bar being at S. The other end of the bar is connected with the crank through the rod S. Being thus connected, an oscillating motion is communicated to the valve as-the balls of the governor rise and fall. The governor is oi the ordinary description, the balls'risingor falling as the speed of the water-Wheel is greater or less. When in operation, and the speed of the water-wheel is what-is required, the balls'of thego'vernor should occupy a midway position, and the oscillating-valve should stand on its centre, as represented. in t'he drawing, so that any variation of the ,speed would cause the balls to either rise or'fall. This motion operates upon the valve, which increases the pressure on one side of the piston and diminishes it on the other side, letting the water ofi" through the ports as already described, thus acting directly upon the gate o'fthe water-wheel by either incr'easiugordiminishing the volume of water by which the wheel is driven. A

Although I design my hydraulic governor for regulating the speed of the steam-engine as well as that of water-wheels, I have not deemed it necessary to describe its particular application to that purpose, as it will be apparent to any one at all acquainted with machinery that the same movement of the piston-rod of the water engine, which controls the gate-of a water-wheel, will control the cut-oil valve of a steam engine; and, although I have generally described the engine as being driven by water, yet I do not confine myself to water alone, but to any non-elastic fluid. 7

Having thus described my invention, what I claim as new, and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is-- 1. Regulating the speed of a water-wheel or a steam engine by the action of an engine driven by water or other non-elastic fluid, in the manner herein set forth.

2. I also claim the oscillating-valve T, constructed substantially as described, in combination with the BOA: elasticfluid engine.

S. M. HUNTER.

Witnesses:

JAMES Human, I MARY E. Human. 

